A x86_64 operating system kernel with a cool architecture, improved input handling, modular design, text editor, a fully file system, and more. This implementation maintains visual compatibility with previous versions while featuring an entirely new codebase built from the ground up.

(The image below is from Apollo v1.0.0)

• Modular Component Architecture: Cleanly separated subsystems with well-defined interfaces
• Enhanced Memory Management: Heap allocator with block coalescing and alignment
• Robust Input Handling: PS/2 keyboard driver with proper interrupt management
• Layered System Design: Clear separation between hardware abstraction and kernel logic

• Terminal Subsystem: Hardware-abstracted VGA text mode with advanced color management
• Input Manager: Buffered keyboard input with state tracking and scan code conversion
• Command Processor: Interactive shell with history management and command parsing
• Memory Allocator: Dynamic heap management with fragmentation prevention
• Time Keeper: Real-time clock interface with date/time functionality

• Improved Keyboard Input: Fixed input handling with proper buffering and state management
• Advanced Shell System: Command history, tab completion, and enhanced user interaction
• Better Memory Management: Efficient allocation strategies with automatic defragmentation
• Robust Error Handling: Input validation and graceful error recovery
• Hardware Abstraction: Clean separation between hardware-specific and generic code

• 64-bit Native Design: Full x86_64 long mode implementation
• Multiboot2 Compliance: Enhanced bootloader compatibility
• Modular Build System: Organized source tree with logical component separation
• Enhanced Documentation: Inline documentation and API specifications

# Ubuntu/Debian sudo apt update sudo apt install build-essential nasm qemu-system-x86 grub-pc-bin grub-common xorriso # Cross-compiler setup wget https://github.com/lordmilko/i686-elf-tools/releases/download/7.1.0/x86_64-elf-tools-linux.zip unzip x86_64-elf-tools-linux.zip export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/bin

# Build complete kernel make all # Run in QEMU emulator make run # Debug with GDB make debug # Clean build artifacts make clean # Show build information make info # Validate make verify

1. Multiboot2 Header: GRUB bootloader integration
2. 32-bit Bootstrap: Initial CPU setup and verification
3. Long Mode Transition: Switch to 64-bit execution
4. Subsystem Initialization: Component startup sequence
5. Shell Activation: Interactive user environment

• Kernel Space: 1MB+ physical address mapping
• Heap Region: 16MB dynamic allocation area
• Stack Space: 64KB kernel execution stack
• Page Tables: Identity-mapped 1GB address space

• VGA Text Mode: 80x25 character display with full color support
• PS/2 Keyboard: Enhanced driver with proper interrupt handling
• Serial Interface: Debug output capability for development

(The image below is from Apollo v1.0.0)

apollo> calc 100 + 50 Result: 100 + 50 = 150 apollo> calc 256 / 8 Result: 256 / 8 = 32 apollo> calc 25 * 4 Result: 25 * 4 = 100

# Create bootable USB drive sudo dd if=distribution/apollo.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress conv=fsync # Replace /dev/sdX with your USB device

# Boot with debugging symbols qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom apollo.iso -s -S -monitor stdio # In another terminal, connect GDB gdb distribution/apollo.bin (gdb) target remote localhost:1234 (gdb) continue

• Architecture: x86_64 (AMD64/Intel 64)
• Boot Protocol: Multiboot2
• Memory Model: 64-bit flat memory with paging
• Graphics: VGA text mode 80x25 with 16-color palette
• Input: PS/2 keyboard with full modifier support
• Build System: GNU Make with cross-compilation
• Languages: C99, x86_64 Assembly
• Toolchain: GCC cross-compiler, NASM assembler

Apollo - x86_64 Operating System Technology