$ymdstr = $moment->format('y-m-d');

$currentDate = $moment->format('y-m-d');

getUserInfo(); getUserData(); getUserRecord(); getUserProfile();

getUser();

// What the heck is 448 for?$result = $serializer->serialize($data, 448);

$json = $serializer->serialize($data, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);

class User{// What the heck is 7 for?public$access = 7} // What the heck is 4 for?if ($user->access & 4){// ... } // What's going on here?$user->access ^= 2;

class User{publicconstACCESS_READ = 1; publicconstACCESS_CREATE = 2; publicconstACCESS_UPDATE = 4; publicconstACCESS_DELETE = 8; // User as default can read, create and update somethingpublic$access = self::ACCESS_READ | self::ACCESS_CREATE | self::ACCESS_UPDATE} if ($user->access & User::ACCESS_UPDATE){// do edit ... } // Deny access rights to create something$user->access ^= User::ACCESS_CREATE;

$address = 'One Infinite Loop, Cupertino 95014'; $cityZipCodeRegex = '/^[^,]+,\s*(.+?)\s*(\d{5})$/'; preg_match($cityZipCodeRegex, $address, $matches); saveCityZipCode($matches[1], $matches[2]);

$address = 'One Infinite Loop, Cupertino 95014'; $cityZipCodeRegex = '/^[^,]+,\s*(.+?)\s*(\d{5})$/'; preg_match($cityZipCodeRegex, $address, $matches); [, $city, $zipCode] = $matches; saveCityZipCode($city, $zipCode);

$address = 'One Infinite Loop, Cupertino 95014'; $cityZipCodeRegex = '/^[^,]+,\s*(?<city>.+?)\s*(?<zipCode>\d{5})$/'; preg_match($cityZipCodeRegex, $address, $matches); saveCityZipCode($matches['city'], $matches['zipCode']);

functionisShopOpen($day): bool{if ($day){if (is_string($day)){$day = strtolower($day); if ($day === 'friday'){returntrue} elseif ($day === 'saturday'){returntrue} elseif ($day === 'sunday'){returntrue} returnfalse} returnfalse} returnfalse}

functionisShopOpen(string$day): bool{if (empty($day)){returnfalse} $openingDays = ['friday', 'saturday', 'sunday']; returnin_array(strtolower($day), $openingDays, true)}

functionfibonacci(int$n){if ($n < 50){if ($n !== 0){if ($n !== 1){returnfibonacci($n - 1) + fibonacci($n - 2)} return1} return0} return'Not supported'}

functionfibonacci(int$n): int{if ($n === 0 || $n === 1){return$n} if ($n >= 50){thrownewException('Not supported')} returnfibonacci($n - 1) + fibonacci($n - 2)}

$l = ['Austin', 'New York', 'San Francisco']; for ($i = 0; $i < count($l); $i++){$li = $l[$i]; doStuff(); doSomeOtherStuff(); // ...// ...// ...// Wait, what is `$li` for again?dispatch($li)}

$locations = ['Austin', 'New York', 'San Francisco']; foreach ($locationsas$location){doStuff(); doSomeOtherStuff(); // ...// ...// ...dispatch($location)}

class Car{public$carMake; public$carModel; public$carColor; //... }

class Car{public$make; public$model; public$color; //... }

$a = '42'; $b = 42; if ($a != $b){// The expression will always pass }

$a = '42'; $b = 42; if ($a !== $b){// The expression is verified }

if (isset($_GET['name'])){$name = $_GET['name']} elseif (isset($_POST['name'])){$name = $_POST['name']} else{$name = 'nobody'}

$name = $_GET['name'] ?? $_POST['name'] ?? 'nobody';

functioncreateMicrobrewery($breweryName = 'Hipster Brew Co.'): void{// ... }

functioncreateMicrobrewery($name = null): void{$breweryName = $name ?: 'Hipster Brew Co.'; // ... }

functioncreateMicrobrewery(string$breweryName = 'Hipster Brew Co.'): void{// ... }

class Questionnaire{publicfunction__construct( string$firstname, string$lastname, string$patronymic, string$region, string$district, string$city, string$phone, string$email ){// ... } }

class Name{private$firstname; private$lastname; private$patronymic; publicfunction__construct(string$firstname, string$lastname, string$patronymic){$this->firstname = $firstname; $this->lastname = $lastname; $this->patronymic = $patronymic} // getters ... } class City{private$region; private$district; private$city; publicfunction__construct(string$region, string$district, string$city){$this->region = $region; $this->district = $district; $this->city = $city} // getters ... } class Contact{private$phone; private$email; publicfunction__construct(string$phone, string$email){$this->phone = $phone; $this->email = $email} // getters ... } class Questionnaire{publicfunction__construct(Name$name, City$city, Contact$contact){// ... } }

class Email{//...publicfunctionhandle(): void{mail($this->to, $this->subject, $this->body)} } $message = newEmail(...); // What is this? A handle for the message? Are we writing to a file now?$message->handle();

class Email{//...publicfunctionsend(): void{mail($this->to, $this->subject, $this->body)} } $message = newEmail(...); // Clear and obvious$message->send();

functionparseBetterPHPAlternative(string$code): void{$regexes = [ // ... ]; $statements = explode('', $code); $tokens = []; foreach ($regexesas$regex){foreach ($statementsas$statement){// ... } } $ast = []; foreach ($tokensas$token){// lex... } foreach ($astas$node){// parse... } }

functiontokenize(string$code): array{$regexes = [ // ... ]; $statements = explode('', $code); $tokens = []; foreach ($regexesas$regex){foreach ($statementsas$statement){$tokens[] = /* ... */} } return$tokens} functionlexer(array$tokens): array{$ast = []; foreach ($tokensas$token){$ast[] = /* ... */} return$ast} functionparseBetterPHPAlternative(string$code): void{$tokens = tokenize($code); $ast = lexer($tokens); foreach ($astas$node){// parse... } }

class Tokenizer{publicfunctiontokenize(string$code): array{$regexes = [ // ... ]; $statements = explode('', $code); $tokens = []; foreach ($regexesas$regex){foreach ($statementsas$statement){$tokens[] = /* ... */} } return$tokens} } class Lexer{publicfunctionlexify(array$tokens): array{$ast = []; foreach ($tokensas$token){$ast[] = /* ... */} return$ast} } class BetterPHPAlternative{private$tokenizer; private$lexer; publicfunction__construct(Tokenizer$tokenizer, Lexer$lexer){$this->tokenizer = $tokenizer; $this->lexer = $lexer} publicfunctionparse(string$code): void{$tokens = $this->tokenizer->tokenize($code); $ast = $this->lexer->lexify($tokens); foreach ($astas$node){// parse... } } }

functioncreateFile(string$name, bool$temp = false): void{if ($temp){touch('./temp/' . $name)} else{touch($name)} }

functioncreateFile(string$name): void{touch($name)} functioncreateTempFile(string$name): void{touch('./temp/' . $name)}

// Global variable referenced by following function.// If we had another function that used this name, now it'd be an array and it could break it.$name = 'Ryan McDermott'; functionsplitIntoFirstAndLastName(): void{global$name; $name = explode('', $name)} splitIntoFirstAndLastName(); var_dump($name); // ['Ryan', 'McDermott'];

functionsplitIntoFirstAndLastName(string$name): array{returnexplode('', $name)} $name = 'Ryan McDermott'; $newName = splitIntoFirstAndLastName($name); var_dump($name); // 'Ryan McDermott';var_dump($newName); // ['Ryan', 'McDermott'];

functionconfig(): array{return [ 'foo' => 'bar', ]}

class Configuration{private$configuration = []; publicfunction__construct(array$configuration){$this->configuration = $configuration} publicfunctionget(string$key): ?string{// null coalescing operatorreturn$this->configuration[$key] ?? null} }

$configuration = newConfiguration([ 'foo' => 'bar', ]);

class DBConnection{privatestatic$instance; privatefunction__construct(string$dsn){// ... } publicstaticfunctiongetInstance(): self{if (self::$instance === null){self::$instance = newself()} returnself::$instance} // ... } $singleton = DBConnection::getInstance();

class DBConnection{publicfunction__construct(string$dsn){// ... } // ... }

$connection = newDBConnection($dsn);

if ($article->state === 'published'){// ... }

if ($article->isPublished()){// ... }

functionisDOMNodeNotPresent(DOMNode$node): bool{// ... } if (! isDOMNodeNotPresent($node)){// ... }

functionisDOMNodePresent(DOMNode$node): bool{// ... } if (isDOMNodePresent($node)){// ... }

class Airplane{// ...publicfunctiongetCruisingAltitude(): int{switch ($this->type){case'777': return$this->getMaxAltitude() - $this->getPassengerCount(); case'Air Force One': return$this->getMaxAltitude(); case'Cessna': return$this->getMaxAltitude() - $this->getFuelExpenditure()} } }

interface Airplane{// ...publicfunctiongetCruisingAltitude(): int} class Boeing777 implements Airplane{// ...publicfunctiongetCruisingAltitude(): int{return$this->getMaxAltitude() - $this->getPassengerCount()} } class AirForceOne implements Airplane{// ...publicfunctiongetCruisingAltitude(): int{return$this->getMaxAltitude()} } class Cessna implements Airplane{// ...publicfunctiongetCruisingAltitude(): int{return$this->getMaxAltitude() - $this->getFuelExpenditure()} }

functiontravelToTexas($vehicle): void{if ($vehicleinstanceof Bicycle){$vehicle->pedalTo(newLocation('texas'))} elseif ($vehicleinstanceof Car){$vehicle->driveTo(newLocation('texas'))} }

functiontravelToTexas(Vehicle$vehicle): void{$vehicle->travelTo(newLocation('texas'))}

functioncombine($val1, $val2): int{if (! is_numeric($val1) || ! is_numeric($val2)){thrownewException('Must be of type Number')} return$val1 + $val2}

functioncombine(int$val1, int$val2): int{return$val1 + $val2}

functionoldRequestModule(string$url): void{// ... } functionnewRequestModule(string$url): void{// ... } $request = newRequestModule($requestUrl); inventoryTracker('apples', $request, 'www.inventory-awesome.io');

functionrequestModule(string$url): void{// ... } $request = requestModule($requestUrl); inventoryTracker('apples', $request, 'www.inventory-awesome.io');

class BankAccount{public$balance = 1000} $bankAccount = newBankAccount(); // Buy shoes...$bankAccount->balance -= 100;

class BankAccount{private$balance; publicfunction__construct(int$balance = 1000){$this->balance = $balance} publicfunctionwithdraw(int$amount): void{if ($amount > $this->balance){thrownew \Exception('Amount greater than available balance.')} $this->balance -= $amount} publicfunctiondeposit(int$amount): void{$this->balance += $amount} publicfunctiongetBalance(): int{return$this->balance} } $bankAccount = newBankAccount(); // Buy shoes...$bankAccount->withdraw($shoesPrice); // Get balance$balance = $bankAccount->getBalance();

class Employee{public$name; publicfunction__construct(string$name){$this->name = $name} } $employee = newEmployee('John Doe'); // Employee name: John Doeecho'Employee name: ' . $employee->name;

class Employee{private$name; publicfunction__construct(string$name){$this->name = $name} publicfunctiongetName(): string{return$this->name} } $employee = newEmployee('John Doe'); // Employee name: John Doeecho'Employee name: ' . $employee->getName();

class Employee{private$name; private$email; publicfunction__construct(string$name, string$email){$this->name = $name; $this->email = $email} // ... } // Bad because Employees "have" tax data.// EmployeeTaxData is not a type of Employeeclass EmployeeTaxData extends Employee{private$ssn; private$salary; publicfunction__construct(string$name, string$email, string$ssn, string$salary){parent::__construct($name, $email); $this->ssn = $ssn; $this->salary = $salary} // ... }

class EmployeeTaxData{private$ssn; private$salary; publicfunction__construct(string$ssn, string$salary){$this->ssn = $ssn; $this->salary = $salary} // ... } class Employee{private$name; private$email; private$taxData; publicfunction__construct(string$name, string$email){$this->name = $name; $this->email = $email} publicfunctionsetTaxData(EmployeeTaxData$taxData): void{$this->taxData = $taxData} // ... }

class Car{private$make = 'Honda'; private$model = 'Accord'; private$color = 'white'; publicfunctionsetMake(string$make): self{$this->make = $make; // NOTE: Returning this for chainingreturn$this} publicfunctionsetModel(string$model): self{$this->model = $model; // NOTE: Returning this for chainingreturn$this} publicfunctionsetColor(string$color): self{$this->color = $color; // NOTE: Returning this for chainingreturn$this} publicfunctiondump(): void{var_dump($this->make, $this->model, $this->color)} } $car = (newCar()) ->setColor('pink') ->setMake('Ford') ->setModel('F-150') ->dump();

class Car{private$make = 'Honda'; private$model = 'Accord'; private$color = 'white'; publicfunctionsetMake(string$make): void{$this->make = $make} publicfunctionsetModel(string$model): void{$this->model = $model} publicfunctionsetColor(string$color): void{$this->color = $color} publicfunctiondump(): void{var_dump($this->make, $this->model, $this->color)} } $car = newCar(); $car->setColor('pink'); $car->setMake('Ford'); $car->setModel('F-150'); $car->dump();

finalclass Car{private$color; publicfunction__construct($color){$this->color = $color} /** * @return string The color of the vehicle */publicfunctiongetColor(){return$this->color} }

interface Vehicle{/** * @return string The color of the vehicle */publicfunctiongetColor()} finalclass Car implements Vehicle{private$color; publicfunction__construct($color){$this->color = $color} publicfunctiongetColor(){return$this->color} }

class UserSettings{private$user; publicfunction__construct(User$user){$this->user = $user} publicfunctionchangeSettings(array$settings): void{if ($this->verifyCredentials()){// ... } } privatefunctionverifyCredentials(): bool{// ... } }

class UserAuth{private$user; publicfunction__construct(User$user){$this->user = $user} publicfunctionverifyCredentials(): bool{// ... } } class UserSettings{private$user; private$auth; publicfunction__construct(User$user){$this->user = $user; $this->auth = newUserAuth($user)} publicfunctionchangeSettings(array$settings): void{if ($this->auth->verifyCredentials()){// ... } } }

abstractclass Adapter{protected$name; publicfunctiongetName(): string{return$this->name} } class AjaxAdapter extends Adapter{publicfunction__construct(){parent::__construct(); $this->name = 'ajaxAdapter'} } class NodeAdapter extends Adapter{publicfunction__construct(){parent::__construct(); $this->name = 'nodeAdapter'} } class HttpRequester{private$adapter; publicfunction__construct(Adapter$adapter){$this->adapter = $adapter} publicfunctionfetch(string$url): Promise{$adapterName = $this->adapter->getName(); if ($adapterName === 'ajaxAdapter'){return$this->makeAjaxCall($url)} elseif ($adapterName === 'httpNodeAdapter'){return$this->makeHttpCall($url)} } privatefunctionmakeAjaxCall(string$url): Promise{// request and return promise } privatefunctionmakeHttpCall(string$url): Promise{// request and return promise } }

interface Adapter{publicfunctionrequest(string$url): Promise} class AjaxAdapter implements Adapter{publicfunctionrequest(string$url): Promise{// request and return promise } } class NodeAdapter implements Adapter{publicfunctionrequest(string$url): Promise{// request and return promise } } class HttpRequester{private$adapter; publicfunction__construct(Adapter$adapter){$this->adapter = $adapter} publicfunctionfetch(string$url): Promise{return$this->adapter->request($url)} }

class Rectangle{protected$width = 0; protected$height = 0; publicfunctionsetWidth(int$width): void{$this->width = $width} publicfunctionsetHeight(int$height): void{$this->height = $height} publicfunctiongetArea(): int{return$this->width * $this->height} } class Square extends Rectangle{publicfunctionsetWidth(int$width): void{$this->width = $this->height = $width} publicfunctionsetHeight(int$height): void{$this->width = $this->height = $height} } functionprintArea(Rectangle$rectangle): void{$rectangle->setWidth(4); $rectangle->setHeight(5); // BAD: Will return 25 for Square. Should be 20.echosprintf('%s has area %d.', get_class($rectangle), $rectangle->getArea()) . PHP_EOL} $rectangles = [newRectangle(), newSquare()]; foreach ($rectanglesas$rectangle){printArea($rectangle)}

interface Shape{publicfunctiongetArea(): int} class Rectangle implements Shape{private$width = 0; private$height = 0; publicfunction__construct(int$width, int$height){$this->width = $width; $this->height = $height} publicfunctiongetArea(): int{return$this->width * $this->height} } class Square implements Shape{private$length = 0; publicfunction__construct(int$length){$this->length = $length} publicfunctiongetArea(): int{return$this->length ** 2} } functionprintArea(Shape$shape): void{echosprintf('%s has area %d.', get_class($shape), $shape->getArea()).PHP_EOL} $shapes = [newRectangle(4, 5), newSquare(5)]; foreach ($shapesas$shape){printArea($shape)}

interface Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void; publicfunctioneat(): void} class HumanEmployee implements Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{// ....working } publicfunctioneat(): void{// ...... eating in lunch break } } class RobotEmployee implements Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{//.... working much more } publicfunctioneat(): void{//.... robot can't eat, but it must implement this method } }

interface Workable{publicfunctionwork(): void} interface Feedable{publicfunctioneat(): void} interface Employee extends Feedable, Workable{} class HumanEmployee implements Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{// ....working } publicfunctioneat(): void{//.... eating in lunch break } } // robot can only workclass RobotEmployee implements Workable{publicfunctionwork(): void{// ....working } }

class Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{// ....working } } class Robot extends Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{//.... working much more } } class Manager{private$employee; publicfunction__construct(Employee$employee){$this->employee = $employee} publicfunctionmanage(): void{$this->employee->work()} }

interface Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void} class Human implements Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{// ....working } } class Robot implements Employee{publicfunctionwork(): void{//.... working much more } } class Manager{private$employee; publicfunction__construct(Employee$employee){$this->employee = $employee} publicfunctionmanage(): void{$this->employee->work()} }

functionshowDeveloperList(array$developers): void{foreach ($developersas$developer){$expectedSalary = $developer->calculateExpectedSalary(); $experience = $developer->getExperience(); $githubLink = $developer->getGithubLink(); $data = [$expectedSalary, $experience, $githubLink]; render($data)} } functionshowManagerList(array$managers): void{foreach ($managersas$manager){$expectedSalary = $manager->calculateExpectedSalary(); $experience = $manager->getExperience(); $githubLink = $manager->getGithubLink(); $data = [$expectedSalary, $experience, $githubLink]; render($data)} }

functionshowList(array$employees): void{foreach ($employeesas$employee){$expectedSalary = $employee->calculateExpectedSalary(); $experience = $employee->getExperience(); $githubLink = $employee->getGithubLink(); $data = [$expectedSalary, $experience, $githubLink]; render($data)} }

functionshowList(array$employees): void{foreach ($employeesas$employee){render([$employee->calculateExpectedSalary(), $employee->getExperience(), $employee->getGithubLink()])} }