Recommend `node`/`default` conditions instead of `require`/`import` as a solution to the dual package hazard

[nicolo-ribaudo]

Affected URL(s)

https://nodejs.org/api/packages.html#dual-package-hazard

Description of the problem

Publishing packages with dual CommonJS and ESM sources, while has the benefits of supporting both CJS consumers and ESM-only platforms, is known to cause problems because Node.js might load both versions. Example:

package.json	foo.cjs	foo.mjs
{ "name": "foo", "exports":{ "require": "./foo.cjs", "import": "./foo.mjs" } }	exports.object = {};	export const object = {};

package.json	bar.js
{ "name": "bar", "main": "./bar.js" }	const foo = require("foo"); exports.object = foo.object;

// my app

import { object as fooObj } from "foo";
import { object as barObj } from "bar";

console.log(fooObj === barObj); // false?????

The two suggested solutions boil down to "even when you have an ESM entrypoint, still use only CJS internallly". This solves the dual package hazard, but completely defeats the cross-platform benefits of dual modules.

If foo instead used these export conditions:

{
 "name": "foo",
 "exports":{
 "node": "./foo.cjs",
 "default": "./foo.mjs"
 }
}

Then:

• there would be no dual-package hazard in Node.js, because it only ever loads the CommonJS version
• there would be no dual-package hazard in bundlers, because they would only ever load either the node version (if they are configured to target Node.js) or the default version (if they are configured to target other platforms).
• the package solves the dual-package hazard while still providing an ESM-only version

We have been using this node/default pattern in @babel/runtime for a couple years, because we wanted to provide an ESM-only version for browsers while still avoiding the dual-package hazard (@babel/runtime is mostly stateless, but @babel/runtime/helpers/temporalUndefined relies on object identity of an object defined in a separate file).

[joyeecheung]

Looks like a good first issue. Relevant file is https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/doc/api/packages.md

[ebouye]

@joyeecheung , @nicolo-ribaudo this issue is still relevant ?

[joyeecheung]

Yes, IMO the doc can still be improved as suggested in the OP.

[mews6]

Is there still work to be done here?

[joyeecheung]

In #54648 which adds a new pattern I realize that it just doesn't seem appropriate to document them this way in the API docs. To quote my comments:

1. It teaches opinionated practices that some consider dangerous
2. It will soon be obsolete when we unflag --experimental-require-module.
3. It's difficult to understand a multi-file structure via long texts and snippets in a (rendered) markdown document.

I think they should just be placed in their own example repo with some notes on pros/cons and maybe links to threads of discussions. But anyway API docs is the wrong place for them.

[B4nan]

It will soon be obsolete when we unflag --experimental-require-module.

May I ask if there is some schedule for unflagging this? Given the node 22 LTS is nearby, any chance it would happen with that version already?