gh-101100: Fix most Sphinx nitpicks in inspect.rst

[AlexWaygood]

• Fix links to the data-model entries for __getattribute__(), __getattr__() and __dir__()
• Tell Sphinx not to try to create links for the __doc__ attribute. type.__doc__, function.__doc__ and module.__doc__ are all documented in separate places; it's not clear which would be best to link to here.
• Across the whole documentation, tell Sphinx not to try to create links to inspect.getargspec. It's deprecated, and it was never documented.
• Where the __func__ attribute is referenced, add links to the data-model docs on instance methods. The attribute is explained well there.

There's one nitpick warning remaining in inspect.rst after this PR:

cpython\Doc\library\inspect.rst:1167: WARNING: py:attr reference target not found: __wrapped__ 

We don't seem to have a good canonical description anywhere for the __wrapped__ attribute; we should add one. I'm deferring that task for now, since it requires a bit more effort than any of the other things I'm doing as part of this PR :)

• Issue: Fix all Sphinx reference warnings in the documentation #101100

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://cpython-previews--112662.org.readthedocs.build/

[hugovk]

• Across the whole documentation, tell Sphinx not to try to create links to inspect.getargspec. It's deprecated, and it was never documented.

What do you think about putting this in nitpick_ignore in Doc.conf.py? Then it's only one line added instead of several changed (and some files not needing any change), plus future uses won't need the same ! treatment?

[AlexWaygood]

• Across the whole documentation, tell Sphinx not to try to create links to inspect.getargspec. It's deprecated, and it was never documented.

What do you think about putting this in nitpick_ignore in Doc.conf.py? Then it's only one line added instead of several changed (and some files not needing any change), plus future uses won't need the same ! treatment?

That makes sense to me; I'll make the change!

[hugovk]

👍

[miss-islington-app]

Thanks @AlexWaygood for the PR 🌮🎉.. I'm working now to backport this PR to: 3.11, 3.12.
🐍🍒⛏🤖 I'm not a witch! I'm not a witch!

[bedevere-app]

GH-112666 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.12 branch.

[bedevere-app]

GH-112667 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.11 branch.